Association of Fat Mass and Obesity Associated (FTO) Gene Polymorphism and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Patients Visiting University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, in North West Ethiopia, Cross Sectional Study.

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health concern characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, significantly contributing to global morbidity and mortality. This cross-sectional study investigates the association between Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated (FTO) gene polymorphism and T2DM among patients visiting the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia. A total of 423 participants were enrolled, with genotyping performed using Tetra-primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction (T-ARMS-PCR). Behavioral, demographic, and clinical data were also collected to assess associated factors.The study revealed that the FTO gene was present in 24.3% of participants, with a significant association observed between the FTO rs8050136 polymorphism and T2DM. Key predictors included elevated BMI (AOR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.40–2.10, p < 0.01) and fasting blood glucose levels (AOR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.20–1.80, p = 0.01). Other chronic diseases and demographic factors showed varying degrees of influence, while lifestyle behaviors like physical inactivity and smoking were less strongly associated. These findings align with previous studies emphasizing the role of genetic predispositions and lifestyle factors in diabetes risk.This research provides novel insights into the genetic and environmental determinants of T2DM in Ethiopia, underscoring the importance of integrated management approaches. It highlights the need for routine genetic screening, personalized interventions, and targeted public health strategies to address the dual impact of genetic susceptibility and modifiable risk factors. Further exploration of genotype-environment interactions and their role in metabolic pathways is recommended to inform precision medicine and enhance diabetes care in diverse populations. Keywords: FTO gene polymorphism, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, T-ARMS-PCR, obesity, genetic predisposition, precision medicine, Ethiopia.