Abstract:
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health concern characterized by
insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, significantly contributing to global morbidity and
mortality. This cross-sectional study investigates the association between Fat Mass and
Obesity-Associated (FTO) gene polymorphism and T2DM among patients visiting the
University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia. A
total of 423 participants were enrolled, with genotyping performed using Tetra-primer
Amplification Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction (T-ARMS-PCR).
Behavioral, demographic, and clinical data were also collected to assess associated
factors.The study revealed that the FTO gene was present in 24.3% of participants, with
a significant association observed between the FTO rs8050136 polymorphism and
T2DM. Key predictors included elevated BMI (AOR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.40–2.10, p <
0.01) and fasting blood glucose levels (AOR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.20–1.80, p = 0.01). Other
chronic diseases and demographic factors showed varying degrees of influence, while
lifestyle behaviors like physical inactivity and smoking were less strongly associated.
These findings align with previous studies emphasizing the role of genetic
predispositions and lifestyle factors in diabetes risk.This research provides novel
insights into the genetic and environmental determinants of T2DM in Ethiopia,
underscoring the importance of integrated management approaches. It highlights the
need for routine genetic screening, personalized interventions, and targeted public
health strategies to address the dual impact of genetic susceptibility and modifiable risk
factors. Further exploration of genotype-environment interactions and their role in
metabolic pathways is recommended to inform precision medicine and enhance diabetes
care in diverse populations.
Keywords: FTO gene polymorphism, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, T-ARMS-PCR, obesity,
genetic predisposition, precision medicine, Ethiopia.
