Prevalence of pressure ulcer and associated factors among adult stroke patients at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Pressure ulcers define by NPUAP as ‘’ a localized damage to the skin and underlying soft tissue usually over a bony prominence are related to a medical or other device as a result of intense and / or prolonged pressure or pressure in combination with shear. Patient with neurologic impairment have a life time risk of developing a pressure ulcer that range from 25 % to 85 %. However, little is known about prevalence and factors associated with pressure ulcer among stroke patients. Methodology: An institution based cross sectional study design was conducted between December 1/2024 to January 10/2025 among adult stroke patients at University of Gondar Hospital. Data were extracted from the medical record. 341 adult stroke patients were selected through simple random sampling technique. The data was collected using structured checklist. Epi data version 4.6 was used to enter the data, and then it was exported to STATA version 18.5 Statistical software for analysis. Descriptive analysis was carried out to determine frequency, range and proportion of the outcome variable. To assess the relationship between outcome variable and independent variables binary logistic regression model was used. Multi-collinearity between independent variables was checked. Statistical significance of the associated factors on outcome variable was declared at P-value less than five percent (< 0.05). Data will be presented in text, table and graph. Result: The prevalence of pressure ulcer was 11.4% (95% CI, 8.26 -15.3%). Pressure ulcer was found to have significant association with impaired sensory perception (AOR=3.9, 95%CI: 1.212.1), anemia (AOR=7.02, 95%CI: 1.8-28.2), higher national institute of health stroke scale (AOR=14.6, 95%CI: 3.4 - 62.4), hyperglycemia (AOR=6.1, 95%CI: 1.2 -29.5), hypotension (AOR=8.0, 95%CI: 1.9-34.1).and IHD (AOR=9.1, 95%CI: 1.9-44.3). Conclusion: This study found that the prevalence of pressure ulcer was relatively high and, impaired sensory perception, anemia, a high National Institute of Health stroke scale, IHD, hyperglycemia and hypotension are risk factors for the development of pressure ulcer. As a result, health care practitioners must focus on timely prevention and appropriate treatment of risk factors