Abstract:
Background: Hormonal contraception is a type of birth control that uses hormones to prevent pregnancy. It is also linked to a variety of unfavorable health outcomes, including metabolic diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of cardiometabolic risk factors that includes glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and central obesity. These risk factors are linked with an increased risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders like T2DM and its complications. Several studies have shown that the risk of developing MetS-related cardiovascular disease is prevalent in women who use hormonal contraception. However, there is scarcity of information in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area.
Objective: To assess the magnitude and determinants of metabolic syndrome among hormonal contraceptive users attending at family guidance association of Ethiopia, Dessie, Northeast Ethiopia, 2022.
Methods and Materials: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was implemented from July 3, 2022 to September 25, 2022. A total of 312 samples were recruited through systematic random sampling technique. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the standard NCEP-ATP III criteria. The data was collected by using pretested semi structure questionnaire through face to face interview, anthropometric and laboratory measurements. The biochemical parameters were analyzed by using Mindray BS 120 Automated, (China) analyzer. The data were entered into Epidata version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics were summarized using mean±SD & percentage. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the determinants of MetS. Variables having a p-value of <0.05 at multivariate logistic regression analysis were considered to be statistically significant. The data were presented using texts, tables, and figures.
Result: The magnitude of MetS was 26.6% (95% CI; (21.8, 31.4). Having low physical activity [AOR=3.8, 95% CI: (1.66, 8.76)], Parity ≥4 [AOR=2.83, 95% CI: (1.28, 6.23)], Injectable Contraceptive use [AOR=2.23, 95% CI: (1.10, 4.61)], and using hormonal contraceptives for a duration of >48 months [AOR=3.34, 95% CI: (1.36, 8.14)], were determinants of MetS.
Conclusion: The magnitude of MetS was higher. Furthermore, Low physical activity, parity ≥4, injectable type of contraceptive, and HC use for >48 months were significantly associated with MetS among the study participants. Therefore, regular check-up for multiparous injectable contraceptives users for longer duration with a sedentary life style should be done to minimize the occurrence of MetS
