EVALUATION OF HYPOGLYCEMIC AND ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITIES OF HYDROMETHANOLIC EXTRACTS AND DIFFERENT SOLVENT FRACTIONS OF HETEROMORPHA ARBORESCENS (APIACEA) LEAVES IN MICE

Abstract

Background: Searching for effective remedies from natural sources has been given special attention due to increasing DM prevalence, side effects, affordability, and availability issues associated with current anti-diabetic medications. H. arborescens is traditionally utilized for the treatment of diabetes. Yet, no in vivo study was conducted to substantiate these claims. So, this study was conducted to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of hydromethanolic and solvent fractions of H. arborescens leaves in mice Methods: Normoglycemic and oral glucose-loaded mice models were used to study hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects of H. arborescens leaf extract, respectively. In vivo anti-diabetic effects of crude extract, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and distilled water fractions were evaluated in single dose-treated diabetic mice while crude extract and ethyl acetate fraction were used in daily repeated dose-treated mice models. Results: Leaf extract of H. arborescens was nontoxic at the limit dose of 2000 mg/kg. Crude extract at 400 mg/kg dose induced significant (P<0.01) hypoglycemia in normoglycemic mice whereas in oral glucose loaded mice, significant (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively) BGL reductions were seen at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. In single dose-treated diabetic mice, BGL reductions in crude extract, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate fractions were significant (P<0.01) at 200 mg/kg dose while (P<0.001) at 400mg/kg dose and (P<0.05) in 100 mg/kg dose ethyl acetate fraction treated groups. Crude extract 100 mg/kg and all doses of distilled water fraction showed no significant BGL reduction. In daily repeated dosetreated diabetic mice, both crude extract and ethyl acetate fraction at 200 and 400mg/kg doses showed significant (P<0.001) BGL reduction while (P<0.05) in 100 mg/kg ethyl acetate treated group. Significant (P<0.001) weight gain was observed in both crude extract and ethyl acetate fraction at 400mg/kg dose, and (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively) in crude extract and ethyl acetate 200mg/kg dose treated groups. Significant (P<0.001) TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL reductions and HDL increments were observed by crude extract and ethyl acetate fraction at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. Conclusion: Heteromorpha arborescens hydromethanolic leaves extract induced hypoglycemia at higher doses in normoglycemic and dose-dependent anti-hyperglycemia in oral glucose loaded mice. It showed significant BGL reduction in single and daily repeated dose-treated diabetic mice