EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF 80% METHANOL CRUDE EXTRACT AND SOLVENT FRACTIONS OF PREMNA SCHIMPERI (LAMIACEA) LEAVES IN MICE

Abstract

Background: even though conventional drugs are currently used to treat inflammation and pain, they are vulnerable to have many side effects, which were necessitated to search safe, effective and easily available anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of new drugs from medicinal plants. Premna schimperi leaves were traditionally claimed for the treatment of body swelling, toothache, external skin inflammation, wound, hemorrhoids and ocular disease. However, no invivo anti-inflammatory and pain reliving study was evaluated yet. Objective: To evaluate anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of 80% methanol crude extract and solvent fractions of Premna schimperi leaves in mice Materials and Methods: P.schimperi leaves of dried powder were macerated with 80% methanol and followed by successive solvent fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and distilled water. Carrageenan-induced paw edema for acute, Cotton pellet-induced granuloma method for chronic anti-inflammatory and hot plate method for central and acetic acid induced writhing test for peripheral analgesic activity test of crude extract were used. Carrageenan and acetic acid induced writhing test were also used in solvent fractions. All extracts were administered through oral administration at a dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight in healthy mice. The result was expressed as Mean ± Standard error of mean and analyzed by one way ANOVA SPSS version 26 followed by Tuckey post hoc test with P value < 0.05 considered as statistical significant. Result: - Treatment of acute inflammation with 200 and 400 mg/kg crude extract and solvent fractions exhibited significantly increased inhibition of paw edema with maximum effect at 2hr (p<0.001), higher inhibition of paw edema was seen in n-hexene fraction as compared to ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions. All three doses of extract have chronic anti-inflammatory effect of granuloma tissue formation and exudate formation (p<0.05). Mean latency time increase in 100, 200 and 400mg/kg (p<0.05). In acetic acid induced writhing all doses of crude and solvent extract have reduced number of writhing reflex (p<0.01). Conclusion: P.schimperi leaves of extract have better anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity in both crude and solvent fractions. In addition to these finding further sub chronic and chronic toxicity test and quantitative phytochemical test should be done