Self-Management Practice and Its Associated Factors among Retroviral Infection Patients Attending at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia, 2022

Abstract

Abstract Background: Self-management practice is the gold standard of care in patients with chronic disease and it is an act of direct active participation of patients in their treatment and disease condition. Based on recent studies self-management practice among retroviral infection patients is poor and it is a reason for high retroviral infection transmission, poor quality of life, increased overall health-related costs, morbidity, and mortality. Objective: This study aimed to assess self-management practice and its associated factor among retroviral infection patients attending antiretroviral clinic at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Northwest, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 514 retroviral infection patients from May 20 to July 30, 2022, at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Teaching Hospital. Data was collected by using interviewer administered structured questionnaire from patients selected by systematic random sampling technique. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. Descriptive results were presented by tables and charts. Multicollinearity was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients and the goodness fit of the model was confirmed by the Hosmer and Lemeshow test (P >0.05). Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with self-management practice and reported with a 95% confidence interval. P-value ? 0.05 was considered a statistically significant Result: A total of 514 patients were approached and 494 (96.1%) participants agreed to take part in this study. The mean age of participants was 41.85 ± 12.3 years and the majority of them were female (319 (64 %)). More than half of the participants had poor self-management 260 (52.6%, 95% CI: 48-57%). Overall self-management practice in this study was poor. Educational level (AOR=0.171(0.35-0.842), being jobless (AOR=3.02, 95% CI: 1.32, 6.91), living condition (AOR=0.406 95% CI: 0.195-0.845), managing HIV symptoms (AOR=3.674, 95% CI: 2.117-6.375), goal setting in HIV treatment (AOR= 1.786 95% CI: 1.049-3.040), poor social support (AOR= 3.282, 95% CI: 1.622-6.639), poor self-efficacy (AOR=2.862, 95% CI: 1.700-4.820), and unsupported by adherence group (AOR=18.379 95% CI: 8.773-38.506) significantly associated with poor self-management. Conclusion: Self-management practice in the stud setting is poor. Contextual and process of self-management affect self-management practice. It is possible to improve self-management practice by improving social support, self-regulation ability, and self-efficacy and incorporating self-management interventional programs as usual care of RVI patients. Keywords: Self-Management practice, Process of Self-Management, Retroviral infection