Abstract:
Background: Anemia during pregnancy is one of the most common indirect obstetric cause of maternal mortality
in developing countries. It is responsible for poor maternal and fetal outcomes. A limited number of studies were
conducted on anemia during pregnancy in Ethiopia, and they present inconsistent findings. Therefore, this review
was undertaken to summarize the findings conducted in several parts of the country and present the national level
of anemia among pregnant women in Ethiopia.
Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed for
this systematic review and meta-analysis. The databases used were; PUBMED, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar,
CINAHL, and African Journals Online. Search terms used were; anemia, pregnancy related anemia and Ethiopia.
Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was used for
critical appraisal of studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 14 software. The pooled Meta logistic
regression was computed to present the pooled prevalence and relative risks (RRs) of the determinate factors with
95% confidence interval (CI).
Results: Twenty studies were included in the meta-analysis with a total of 10, 281 pregnant women. The pooled
prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 31.66% (95% CI (26.20, 37.11)). Based on the pooled
prevalence of the subgroup analysis result, the lowest prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was observed in
Amhara region, 15.89% (95% CI (8.82, 22.96)) and the highest prevalence was in Somali region, 56.80% (95% CI (52.76,
60.84)). Primigravid (RR: 0.61 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.71)) and urban women (RR: 0.73 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.88)) were less likely to
develop anemia. On the other hand, mothers with short pregnancy interval (RR: 2.14 (95% CI: 1.67, 2.74)) and malaria
infection during pregnancy (RR: 1.94 (95% CI: 1.33, 2.82)) had higher risk to develop anemia.
Conclusions: Almost one-third of pregnant women in Ethiopia were anemic. Statistically significant association was
observed between anemia during pregnancy and residence, gravidity, pregnancy interval, and malaria infection during
pregnancy. Regions with higher anemia prevalence among pregnant women should be given due emphasis.
The concerned body should intervene on the identified factors to reduce the high prevalence of anemia
among pregnant women.
Keywords: Prevalence of anemia, Anemia during pregnancy, Short birth interval, Malaria during pregnancy,
