Assessment of livestock genetic resource diversity in Ethiopia: An implication for conservation

Abstract

About 85% of Ethiopian popula on has a subsistence mode of crop and livestock produc on. This form of agriculture contributes a large share of the gross national products (GNP). Livestock contribute 30-35% of total GDP. A review was made to assess the genetic diversity of animal genetic resources in Ethiopia, to develop conservation strategy and efficient utilization of indigenous animal genetic resources. Ethiopia can be considered as a center of livestock diversity and diverse traditional livestock breeds spread across diverse ecology, communities and production systems. This diversity of livestock is closely related to the diversity of production systems and cultures. Currently, the indigenous livestock genetic resources in Ethiopia are becoming seriously endangered due to high rate of genetic erosion resulting from biotic and a biotic factor. Thus, there is a need to develop conservation strategies for management of these livestock genetic resources in the country which should be cost effective and utilization to meet the needs of present and future generations. For sustainable utilization, the conservation strategy must be contributed to the national food security program; have high commercial/export value. Methods of conservation of livestock genetic resources to support future livestock improvement can be grouped as in-situ, ex-situ and combined conservation. Therefore, detailed analysis of the extent, distribution and diversity of livestock, good understanding on the integrity of livestock with social, religious and culture of the society and management is vital for sustainable utilization and livestock conservation strategy in the country.