Exploring the Livelihood Experiences of Street Children Engaged in Substance Abuse in Gondar City, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Abstract

Substance abuse among street-involved children is a growing public health and social issue, with significant psychosocial consequences. This study aimed to explore the psychosocial challenges associated with substance abuse among street children in Gondar City, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Using a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 street-involved children, aged 12 to 17 years, to understand their lived experiences. Thematic analysis identified three primary themes: psychological impact, social consequences, and livelihood struggles linked to substance abuse. The findings underscored the intense psychological distress faced by street children, including sadness, hopelessness, and anxiety, which were often compounded by substance use as a coping mechanism. Substance abuse also contributed to increased aggression, impulsivity, and difficulties with thinking and concentration, further intensifying mental health issues. Socially, it led to isolation, stigma, and strained family bonds, eroding the children's sense of belonging and support. Peer influence emerged as a critical factor in the initiation and continuation of substance use, shaping social dynamics among the group. Furthermore, substance abuse disrupted the children's livelihood strategies, as many resorted to begging, theft, or informal work to sustain their habits. Recognizing the interconnectedness of psychological, social, and livelihood factors is essential for designing comprehensive interventions that foster resilience and improve the well-being of this vulnerable group.