Quality of Life of Older Adults Living in Birr Farm Development (Birsheleko), West Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia

Abstract

Older adults are particularly vulnerable to poor quality of life due to changes and challenges in their physical, psychological, social, and environmental well-being. This study aimed to assess the quality of life of older adults living in Birr Farm, West Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia. A mixed methods approach with a community-based concurrent study design was employed. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. A total of 275 participants were selected through simple random sampling and 271 successfully completed the questionnaire. Seven interviewees were selected purposively, with the number determined by data saturation aligned with the study objectives. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS Version 28 through descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, median, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics, including binary and multivariable logistic regression. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The results showed that 46.9% of older adults in Birr Farm reported having a good quality of life, reveal more than half of older adults were living in conditions they themselves perceive as poor or unsatisfactory. Multivariable analysis identified age, marital status, monthly income, living arrangement, house ownership, and perceived health status as significant predictors of quality of life. Qualitative findings revealed key challenges including restricted business opportunities, limited and exclusionary healthcare support, inadequate housing, and poor transportation services. Coping strategies included engagement in home-based businesses and spiritual practices. The study highlights the need for policymakers to consider the unique needs of older adults, particularly those living in privatized and remote areas like Birr Farm, to improve their overall quality of life.